Lucy Higgs Nichols: From enslavement to Civil War heroine
Discover the courageous life of Lucy Higgs Nichols (1838–1915), an inspiring African American woman who escaped enslavement in Tennessee to become a vital nurse for Union forces and an enduring symbol of perseverance.
Escape to freedom and selfless service on the battlefield
In 1862, Lucy escaped slavery in Tennessee alongside her young daughter, Mona. Seeking safety, she reached Union soldiers stationed near Bolivar, Tennessee. The 23rd Indiana Volunteer Infantry immediately protected her from being forced back into bondage. In return, Lucy dedicated herself entirely to the regiment, working tirelessly as a skilled nurse, cook, laundress, and seamstress. She marched bravely with the unit through some of the conflict's fiercest campaigns, including the Siege of Vicksburg and Sherman's March to the Sea.
Veterans unite to demand justice and federal recognition
After the Civil War concluded, Lucy settled in New Albany, Indiana, continuing her close bonds with members of the regiment. When she submitted a claim for a federal pension honoring her wartime nursing service, the government initially rejected it due to a lack of formal muster rolls documenting her employment. Undeterred, fifty-five surviving veterans of the 23rd Indiana banded together to lobby Congress on her behalf. Thanks to their steadfast testimony, Congress passed a special act in 1898 granting Lucy her rightful pension.
An enduring legacy of honor and devotion
Affectionately known to soldiers and community members as "Aunt Lucy," she earned an induction as an honorary member of the Grand Army of the Republic—an unprecedented honor for a Black woman in the post-war era. Lucy passed away in 1915 and was laid to rest with full respect in New Albany. Her story continues to illuminate our educational mission at Ingrid's Corner, teaching future generations the enduring power of courage, devotion, and community solidarity.
"Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, not for human masters, since you know that you will receive an inheritance from the Lord as a reward. It is the Lord Christ you are serving."
Colossians 3:23–24